The Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (100 km2 surface scintillator array, Japan): ground detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray air showers, with energy reconstructed from the lateral particle-density distribution calibrated against a Monte-Carlo air-shower model. Shared basis for all AGASA flux/event papers (S-52 - Hayashida et al. 2000- updated AGASA event list above 4x10^19 eV, S-55 - Takeda et al. 2003- AGASA energy determination and spectrum, and the earlier S-49 - Takeda et al. 1998- AGASA spectrum extends beyond the GZK cutoff). known_biases: absolute energy scale set by an MC-dependent lateral-distribution calibration; later stereo-fluorescence experiments (HiRes, Auger) indicated AGASA’s energy scale was systematically high by ~20-30%, which is exactly what produced its (non-replicated) “no GZK cutoff” flux excess. Every AGASA result rests on this one calibration and moves together with it.