O-57 - Graded SNV series in the civet spike gene from a zero-mutation prototype to human epidemic strains

Sequencing the spike gene across market civets and raccoon dogs defined 27 signature nucleotide variations (SNVs) forming a graded series: a prototype group with 0 SNVs (two raccoon dogs and one civet), market civets plus an early patient with 2-7 SNVs, and human epidemic strains with 16-27 SNVs.

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Why this is evidence

A graded civet-to-human SNV series (0 2-7 16-27) documenting natural stepwise adaptation of a sarbecovirus to humans at the market directly rebuts the claim that SARS-CoV-2’s human adaptation required a laboratory — favouring H-41 over engineered H-43.