O-17 - Meta-analysis region gradient - egg-T2D RR US 1.18, Europe 0.99, Asia 0.82, p-interaction 0.01
O-17 — Region stratification of the same pooled cohort set; the US stratum is dominated by the Harvard cohorts.
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Why this is evidence
The US-positive / Europe-null / Asia-inverse gradient (p-interaction 0.01) is the signature both H-8 (a genuinely region-dependent causal effect) and H-9 (region-varying residual confounding) predict; it does not separate those two. It discriminates against H-51, whose uniform-across-regions effect predicts no such gradient.