The core egg-null: a substantial habitual dose (4 large eggs/day) did not move any TMAO readout or the downstream platelet-reactivity readout, in participants pre-selected for normal renal function.
Methodology
Registered (NCT03039023) 5-arm parallel RCT, 4-week interventions, 82 of 89 completing (92%); healthy men and women with normal renal function (eGFR > 60, normal creatinine, no microalbuminuria); median age 28, 42% male. Arms: (1) 4 whole hardboiled eggs/day, 467 mg choline, n=18; (2) 2x500 mg choline-bitartrate tablets, 411 mg free choline, n=20; (3) 4 eggs + choline tablets, n=16; (4) 4 egg whites + choline tablets, n=18; (5) 6x420 mg phosphatidylcholine capsules, 410 mg choline, n=10. Outcomes: fasting plasma and 24-h/spot urinary TMAO, plasma choline, platelet responsiveness, lipid panel. Positive control = free choline; egg white arm tests egg-white antimicrobial peptides.
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