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O-92 - OPEN protein under-reporting was ~27-34% on FFQ and ~11-15% on 24HR, but protein density was barely biased

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observation
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O-92
statement
In OPEN, reported protein intake versus the urinary-nitrogen biomarker was under-reported by ~30–34% (men) / 27–32% (women) on the FFQ and ~11–12% (men) / 11–15% (women) on the 24-hour recall, whereas the percentage of energy from protein (protein density, a ratio measure) showed little under-reporting for either sex.
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S-99 - The OPEN study- how much self-reported diet data actually misreports intake
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Abstract; Results, protein (urinary nitrogen) and protein density
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Protein absolute-intake under-reporting parallels energy (FFQ worse than 24HR). The near-absence of bias in protein DENSITY is important: much of the absolute under-reporting is a scaling/energy effect that partly cancels in ratios, which is why energy-adjusted or density exposure measures are less biased than absolute intakes.

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